Lesson 11: Relative Pronouns
11.1 The simple Relative Pronouns
. The Relative Pronouns are attached to verbs, and they transform these verbs into nouns.
. The Relative Pronoun for singular masculine is vyet
. The Relative Pronoun for singular feminine is ;yet
. The Relative Pronoun for plural is nyet
. The above Relative Pronouns can also be abbreviated by the Relative Pronoun et - `e

Examples:

Pirwmi vyethemci hijen pitotc	The man who sits on the chair
Vyethemci hijen pi`;ronoc `nte pef`wou	That who sits on the chair of His glory
}`chimi ;yetcaji nem peccon	The woman who talks with her brother
Ni`alwoui nyetjerjer qen pi[wm	The children who play in the garden

11.2 The Relative Pronouns with the Defenite Pronouns
. For singular masculine: pe et = pet
. For singular feminine: te et = ;et
. For plural: ne et = net

Examples:

Je `n;ok pe etak] `mpivsisi nan	Because You are (the one) who gave us the power
Je `n;ok petak] `mpivsisi nan	Because You are (the one) who gave us the power

 

Lesson 12: The Object
12.1 Nouns as Objects
. The letters `m, `n and `e are added to the object
1. `m is used before labial letters (b, m, p, v, ')
2. `n is used before all other letters
3. `e is used with senses- and movement-verbs

Examples:

}`cqai `mpiws	I write the lesson
}ouwm `nouwik	I eat bread
}`areh `epiws	I learn the lesson
` Cmou `eP=o=c	Bless the Lord
Hwc `eP=o=c	Praise the Lord

12.2 Pronouns as Objects

	`m	`n	`e
Me, to Me	`mmoi	nyi	`eroi
You, to You (masculine)	``mmok	nak	`erok
You, to You (feminine)	`mmo	ne	`ero
Him, to Him	`mmof	naf	`erof
Her, to Her	`mmoc	nac	`eroc
Us, to Us	`mmon	nan	`eron
You, to You (plural)	`mmwten	nwten	`erwten
Them, to Them	`mmwou	nwou	`erwou

Examples:

Tenouwst `mP=,=c	We worship Christ
Tenouwst `mmof	We worship Him
Tenouwst `mmok `w P=,=c	We worship You, O Christ
<ere ne Maria	Hail to You Mary
` V] nai nan	O God (have) mercy (on) us
` V] cwtem `eron	O God hear us
Hwc `erof	Praise Him
` Cmou `erof	Bless Him

 

Lesson 13: Conjugating verbs
Coptic verbs are conjugated in different ways. As seen in Lesson 8, Lesson 9 and Lesson 10, some verbs, such as the verb caji (=to speak), do not change their endings when conjugated.
Other verbs change their endings when conjugated. Some adopt the endings of nem (see Lesson 7), while others adopt the endings of qen (Lesson 7). This rule applies to Coptic verbs in all tenses; past, present and future.

13.1 Verbs adopting the ends of nem when conjugated
Those verbs are made of the appropriate personal pronoun (Lesson 8 for the present, Lesson 9 for the past, or Lesson 10 for the future) + the verb + n + the appropriate ending of nem (Lesson 7)
Example: The verb se (=to go) in the present

}senyi	I go
` Ksenak	You go (masculine)
Tesene	You go (feminine)
` Fsenaf	He goes
` Csenac	She goes
Tensenan	We go
Tetensenwten	You go (plural)
Cesenwou	They go

13.2 Verbs adopting the ends of qen when conjugated
Those verbs are made of the appropriate personal pronoun (Lesson 8 for the present, Lesson 9 for the past, or Lesson 10 for the future) + the verb + n + the appropriate ending of qen (Lesson 7)
Example: The verb twn (=to rise) in the present

}twnt	I rise
` Ktwnk	You rise (masculine)
Tetwouni	You rise (feminine)
` Ftwnf	He rises
` Ctwnc	She rises
Tentwoun	We rise
Tetenten;ynou	You rise (plural)
Cetwounou	They rise

Examples:

Tsenyi `e]ek`klycia (Greek)	I go to the church
Tsenyi an `e]ek`klycia (Greek)	I do not go to the church
Masenwten qen ouhiryny > P=o=c nemwten tyro	Go in peace, the Lord (be) with you all
P=,=c aftwnf `ebol qen nye;mwout	Christ rose from the dead

Lessons 1 through 5
Lessons 6 through 10

 

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